Monday, August 24, 2015

From FM Julie Bishop of Australia. Biosphere collapse-Pole Shift.

Western Antarctic Ice Sheet-high geothermal heating beneath. The result of ice sheet dislodging will be a geophysical Pole Shift.

From: foreign.minister@dfat.gov.au
To: johnberbatisau@hotmail.com
Subject: RE: Attn: FM Bishop. West Antarctic Ice Sheet-high geothermal heating beneath. July 13, 2015 [SEC=UNCLASSIFIED]
Date: Tue, 14 Jul 2015 05:20:16 +0000


Dear John,

On behalf of the Hon Julie Bishop MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, thank you for your email, receipt of which is acknowledged.
The matters you have raised have been brought to Minister Bishop's attention.

Kind regards
Wendy Cramond

Office of the Hon Julie Bishop MP
Minister for Foreign Affairs
Deputy Leader of the Liberal Party


The result of the Western Antarctic ice sheet dislodging. Rotational Wobble (Chandler’s). The Crust presents the earth with an unbalanced distribution of weight, even a small (10 centimeters) displacement of the crust would cause the earth to wobble more (which ironically could induce more crustal displacement, thus causing more wobble, thus causing more displacement, etc.) Added bulges from the expansion beneath the crust would worsen the imbalance. The diameter at the equator is 43 kilometres more than the rest of the Earth’s surface, due to centrifugal forces. "In a polar region there is a continual deposition of ice, which is not symmetrically distributed about the pole. The earth’s rotation acts on these asymmetrically deposited masses [of ice], and produces centrifugal momentum that is transmitted to the rigid crust of the earth. The constantly increasing centrifugal momentum produced in this way will, when it has reached a certain point, produce a movement of the earth’s crust over the rest of the earth’s body, and this will displace the polar regions toward the equator.” A foreword by Prof. Albert Einstein in The Earth’s Shifting Crust by Prof. Charles Hapgood.

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Pole Shift by John White What will happen during a pole shift.“The ultimate disaster! Enormous tidal waves will roll across the continents as oceans become displaced from their basins. Hurricane winds of hundreds of miles per hour will scour the planet. Earthquakes greater than any ever measured will change the shape of the continents. Volcanoes will pour out huge lava flows, along with poisonous gases and choking ash. Climates will change instantly, and the geography of the globe will be radically altered. If the pole shift is less than a full 180 degrees, the polar ice caps will melt rapidly, raising sea levels, while new icecaps will begin to build. And large numbers of organisms, including the human race, will be decimated or even become extinct, with signs of their existence hidden under thick layers of sediment and debris or at the bottom of newly established seas…”
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Biosphere Collapse by John Berbatis
In the past ten years, there has been an exponential melting of the ice sheets and a noticeable disintegration of the ice shelves owing to ‘global warming’. The loss of mass from the underlying Tectonics Plates causes them to ascend (iso-static rebound), and this results in an increase in the intensification and frequency of global seismological activity. The seismic data of the past ten years confirm this conjecture. Furthermore, the ice shelves impede the flow of glaciers and ice sheets into to the oceans; and when the ‘polar regions’ are subjected to unprecedented seismic upheavals, these events will then cause the ice sheets and glaciers to be dislodged en masse into the ocean. This occurrence will then instantly destabilize the earth’s crust weight distribution (isostasy), and so precipitate a ‘crust displacement’ (Mag. 10+), that is, an axis change. The previous subterranean extraction of fossil fuels and water will greatly exacerbate this impending Apocalypse. Currently, the excessive amount of carbon and methane gasses in the atmosphere is causing catastrophic weather conditions, globally – and this situation will rapidly deteriorate into ‘a runaway climate’.
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Posted by The Watcher on July 13, 2015 in categories Arctic & Antarctic, Featured articles, Research
Researchers find surprisingly high geothermal heating beneath West Antarctic Ice Sheet
According to a new study led by researchers at the University of California (US), Sanza Cruz have found that the amount of heat flowing toward the base of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet from geothermal sources deep within the Earth is surprisingly high. The results of the study, published on July 10 in the online journal Science Advances, provide important data for researchers trying to predict the fate of the ice sheet, which has experienced rapid melting over the past decade. Lead author Andrew Fisher, a professor of Earth and planetary sciences at UC Santa Cruz, emphasized that the geothermal heating reported in this study does not explain the alarming loss of ice from West Antarctica that has been documented by other researchers. "The ice sheet developed and evolved with the geothermal heat flux coming up from below - it's part of the system. But this could help explain why the ice sheet is so unstable," he said. The study draws upon data collected by a large Antarctic drilling project, funded by an award from the National Science Foundation's Division of Polar Programs, called WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling), for which UC Santa Cruz is one of three lead institutions, the others being Montana State University and Northern Illinois University. The Division manages the U.S. Antarctic Program, through which it coordinates all U.S. scientific research on the southernmost continent. Scott Borg, who heads the Division's Antarctic sciences section, noted that the multidiscplinary WISSARD project has produced a number of significant research results in recent years that are helping to advance scientific understanding in disparate fields, from biology to the geosciences. "The WISSARD findings, including this latest discovery about geothermal heat," he said, "are helping us to assemble a deeper understanding of the nature of extreme ecosystems in Antarctica, and, possibly, similar ecosystems elsewhere in the solar system, as well helping us to understand some of the many dynamic processes that govern the behavior of the massive Antarctic ice sheets."
Maps showing the location of West Antarctica and SLW, where the data and samples described in this study were collected. (A) Antarctic map showing geographic regions and location of field area below the confluence of the Whillans and Mercer Ice Streams. Grounded ice is shown in gray, and ice shelves are shown in tan. (B) Overview of the Whillans Ice Plain showing the surface morphology and position of the WAIS grounding line (39), the lateral limits of ice streams (yellow lines) (30), and the outlines of subglacial lakes (16, 40), identified as follows: SLC, Subglacial Lake Conway; SLM, Subglacial Lake Mercer; SLW, Subglacial Lake Whillans; SLE, Subglacial Lake Engelhardt; L7, Lake 7; L8, Lake 8; L10, Lake 10; and L12, Lake 12. Image credit: Andrew Fisher et al.
The research team used a special thermal probe, designed and built at UC Santa Cruz, to measure temperatures in sediments below Subglacial Lake Whillans, which lies beneath half a mile of ice. After boring through the ice sheet with a special hot-water drill, researchers lowered the probe through the borehole until it buried itself in the sediments below the subglacial lake. The probe measured temperatures at different depths in the sediments, revealing a rate of change in temperature with depth about five times higher than that typically found on continents. The results indicate a relatively rapid flow of heat towards the bottom of the ice sheet. High heat flow below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet may also help explain the presence of lakes beneath it and why parts of the ice sheet flow rapidly as ice streams. Water at the base of the ice streams is thought to provide the lubrication that speeds their motion, carrying large volumes of ice out onto the floating ice shelves at the edges of the ice sheet. Fisher noted that the geothermal measurement was from only one location, and heat flux is likely to vary from place to place beneath the ice sheet.
"This is the first geothermal heat flux measurement made below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, so we don't know how localized these warm geothermal conditions might be. This is a region where there is volcanic activity, so this measurement may be due to a local heat source in the crust," Fisher said. This geothermal heating contributes to melting of basal ice, which supplies water to a network of subglacial lakes and wetlands that scientists have discovered underlies a large region of the ice sheet. In a separate study published last year in Nature, the WISSARD microbiology team reported an abundant and diverse microbial ecosystem in the same lake. Warm geothermal conditions may help to make subglacial habitats more supportive of microbial life, and could also drive fluid flow that delivers heat, carbon, and nutrients to these communities. According to co-author Slawek Tulaczyk, a professor of Earth and planetary sciences at UC Santa Cruz and one of the WISSARD project leaders, the geothermal heat flux is an important value for the computer models scientists are using to understand why and how quickly the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is shrinking. "It is important that we get this number right if we are going to make accurate predictions of how the West Antarctic Ice Sheet will behave in the future, how much it is melting, how quickly ice streams flow, and what the impact might be on sea level rise," Tulaczyk said. "I waited for many years to see a directly measured value of geothermal flux from beneath this ice sheet." Antarctica's huge ice sheets are fed by snow falling in the interior of the continent. The ice gradually flows out toward the edges. The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is considered less stable than the larger East Antarctic ice sheet because much of it rests on land that is below sea level, and the ice shelves at its outer edges are floating on the sea. Recent studies by other research teams have found that the ice shelves are melting due to warm ocean currents now circulating under the ice, and the rate at which the ice shelves are shrinking is accelerating. These findings have heightened concerns about the overall stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The geothermal heat flux measured in the new study was about 285 milliwatts per square meter, which is like the heat from one small LED Christmas-tree light per square meter, Fisher said. The researchers also measured the upward heat flux through the ice sheet (about 105 milliwatts per square meter) using an instrument developed by coauthor Scott Tyler at the University of Nevada, Reno. That instrument was left behind in the WISSARD borehole as it refroze, and the measurements, based on laser light scattering in a fiber-optic cable, were taken a year later. Combining the measurements both below and within the ice enabled calculation of the rate at which melt water is produced at the base of the ice sheet at the drill site, yielding a rate of about half an inch per year. In addition to Fisher, Tulaczyk and Tyler, the coauthors of the paper include Ken Mankoff, who earned his doctorate at UC Santa Cruz and is now a research associate at Pennsylvania State University, and current UC Santa Cruz graduate student Neil Foley. Source: NSF Reference:
"High geothermal heat flux measured below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet" - Andrew T. Fisher, Kenneth D. Mankoff, Slawek M. Tulaczyk, Scott W. Tyler, Neil Foley, and the WISSARD Science Team - Science Advances July 10, 2015: Vol. 1, no. 6, e1500093 - DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500093 - Open access.
Featured image credit: NASA/Goddard.
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From: foreign.minister@dfat.gov.au
To: johnberbatisau@hotmail.com
Subject: RE: Biosphere breakdown. [SEC=UNCLASSIFIED]
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2015 06:11:37 +0000

Dear John

On behalf of the Hon Julie Bishop MP, Minister for Foreign Affairs, thank you for your email, receipt of which is acknowledged.
The matters you have raised have been brought to Minister Bishop's attention.

Kind regards
Jeremy Leung

ICE WORLD
Sudden onset of ice loss in Antarctica detected
by Staff Writers
Bristol, UK (SPX) May 29, 2015
Data from an Antarctic climate model shows that the sudden change cannot be explained by changes in snowfall or air temperature. Instead, the team attributes the rapid ice loss to warming oceans.
A group of scientists, led by a team from the University of Bristol, UK has observed a sudden increase of ice loss in a previously stable region of Antarctica. The research is published in Science.
Using measurements of the elevation of the Antarctic ice sheet made by a suite of satellites, the researchers found that the Southern Antarctic Peninsula showed no signs of change up to 2009. Around 2009, multiple glaciers along a vast coastal expanse, measuring some 750km in length, suddenly started to shed ice into the ocean at a nearly constant rate of 60 cubic km, or about 55 trillion litres of water, each year.
This makes the region the second largest contributor to sea level rise in Antarctica and the ice loss shows no sign of waning.
Dr Bert Wouters, a Marie Curie Fellow at the University of Bristol, who lead the study said: "To date, the glaciers added roughly 300 cubic km of water to the ocean. That's the equivalent of the volume of nearly 350,000 Empire State Buildings combined."
The changes were observed using the CryoSat-2 satellite, a mission of the European Space Agency dedicated to remote-sensing of ice. From an altitude of about 700km, the satellite sends a radar pulse to Earth, which is reflected by the ice and subsequently received back at the satellite.
From the time the pulse takes to travel, the elevation of the ice surface can retrieved with incredible accuracy. By analyzing roughly 5 years of the data, the researchers found that the ice surface of some of the glaciers is currently going down by as much as 4m each year.
The ice loss in the region is so large that it causes small changes in the gravity field of the Earth, which can be detected by another satellite mission, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE).
"The fact that so many glaciers in such a large region suddenly started to lose ice came as a surprise to us," continued Dr Wouters. "It shows a very fast response of the ice sheet: in just a few years the dynamic regime completely shifted."
Data from an Antarctic climate model shows that the sudden change cannot be explained by changes in snowfall or air temperature. Instead, the team attributes the rapid ice loss to warming oceans.
Many of the glaciers in the region feed into ice shelves that float on the surface of the ocean. They act as a buttress to the ice resting on bedrock inland, slowing down the flow of the glaciers into the ocean. The westerly winds that encircle Antarctica have become more vigorous in recent decades, in response to climate warming and ozone depletion. The stronger winds push warm waters from the Southern Ocean poleward, where they eat away at the glaciers and floating ice shelves from below.
Ice shelves in the region have lost almost one-fifth of their thickness in the last two decades, thereby reducing the resisting force on the glaciers. A key concern is that much of the ice of the Southern Antarctic Peninsula is grounded on bedrock below sea level, which gets deeper inland. This means that even if the glaciers retreat, the warm water will chase them inland and melt them even more.
Dr Wouters said: "It appears that sometime around 2009, the ice shelf thinning and the subsurface melting of the glaciers passed a critical threshold which triggered the sudden ice loss. However, compared to other regions in Antarctica, the Southern Peninsula is rather understudied, exactly because it did not show any changes in the past, ironically.
"To pinpoint the cause of the changes, more data need to be collected. A detailed knowledge of the geometry of the local ice shelves, the ocean floor topography, ice sheet thickness and glacier flow speeds are crucial to tell how much longer the thinning will continue."
Paper: 'Dynamic thinning of glaciers on the Southern Antarctic Peninsula' by Bert Wouters, Alba Martin-Espanol, Veit Helm, Thomas Flament, Melchior van Wessem, Stefan Ligtenberg, Michiel van den Broeke and Jonathan Bamber in Science   

     

1 comment:

Anonymous said...

This story is true.

I have been wobbling a lot lately.