The Era Of Cyborgs Has Begun: 10,000 People Already Have Digital Chip Implants
By: Nicholas West, Tech Swarm |
Technology seems to be on a runaway
course either to free humanity or to enslave us. On one end we see
massive continued investment in replacing humans with robots, both economically and socially.
Parallel to this trend, we are seeing advancements in neuroscience being made from global projects like the BRAIN initiative in the U.S. and its counterpart in Europe, the Human Brain Project.
These projects seek to decode the human brain and tailor it for
“treatments,” as well as to enable the realization of full
brain-computer-interface technology. The pace of these developments has
increased toward the dizzying, such as a “living” transistor that uses DNA merged with graphene, the advent of quantum computing and nanocomputing, the creation of avatars, DNA nanobots, and a range of neuro applications that are beginning to transform our fundamental relationship with the “real” world.
One respected scientific journal has
announced that the era of cyborgs has definitively begun, as an array of
medical applications are merging us with machines and computer systems.
This is also happening in tandem with augmented reality applications that have entered the consumer space.
Below is an ongoing chronicle of the
growing evidence that portends a cyborg future, beginning with the most
recent announcements. As you read the full range of developments to
date, how do you believe this science will be used?
10,000 People Already Have Digital Chip Implants
Convenience is often the deciding factor
it seems when one decides to become a cyborg. Things like work badges,
keys of all types and even payment systems seem clunky by comparison. As
the reference article states “For these ‘cyborgs’, keys are so yesterday.”
“When I walk into my studio, I just wave my hand at the alarm, and the alarm turns off,” the tattoo artist said.“Whenever someone shows up with security clearance, he will wave and the alarm is deactivated, the lights are turned on… it will start up the computer, the cash machine and so on,” he added.
He is certainly not alone:
Despite the limited uses, human chip implant manufacturer Dangerous Things told AFP that there are now around 10,000 “cyborgs” — or humans with digital chips in them — across the globe.
This appears to be a ramp-up of an
interesting 2007 clip from NBC News that confidently states that we all
will have embedded chips by the year 2017:
But 10,000 is a heck of a long way from
“everyone” so it sounds as though it would have to mandatory for this to
ever become the case. Or, at least become so inconvenient that one
could not navigate modern society without it.
Another of the implanted stated
something interesting that might indicate that the writing is on the
wall for how this could become mandatory – emphasis added.
“Curiosity is a factor,” said Hannes Sjoeblad, who also has a chip implanted.But he added that a key aim is “to explore this technology before the government starts doing this”.For an extensive treatment of the next level of potential for embedded systems, I would encourage you to read Brandon Turbeville’s article “The Coming Brain Chip.”_______________________________________________________________________________
The Era Of Cyborg Nanotechnology Has Begun
A press release called “On the
Frontiers of Cyborg Science” highlights many of the potential benefits,
but we can’t overlook that the funding for the research comes from the
U.S. Department of Defense, the National Institutes of Health and the
U.S. Air Force. With funding sources such as these, can you imagine some
negative consequences? Your thoughts are welcome in the comment section
below.
Press release: “On the frontiers of cyborg science”
No longer just fantastical fodder for
sci-fi buffs, cyborg technology is bringing us tangible progress toward
real-life electronic skin, prosthetics and ultraflexible circuits. Now
taking this human-machine concept to an unprecedented level, pioneering
scientists are working on the seamless marriage between electronics and
brain signaling with the potential to transform our understanding of how
the brain works — and how to treat its most devastating diseases.
heir presentation is taking place at the
248th National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical
Society (ACS), the world’s largest scientific society. The meeting
features nearly 12,000 presentations on a wide range of science topics
and is being held here through Thursday.
“By focusing on the nanoelectronic
connections between cells, we can do things no one has done before,”
says Charles M. Lieber, Ph.D. “We’re really going into a new size regime
for not only the device that records or stimulates cellular activity,
but also for the whole circuit. We can make it really look and behave
like smart, soft biological material, and integrate it with cells and
cellular networks at the whole-tissue level. This could get around a lot
of serious health problems in neurodegenerative diseases in the
future.”
These disorders, such as Parkinson’s,
that involve malfunctioning nerve cells can lead to difficulty with the
most mundane and essential movements that most of us take for granted:
walking, talking, eating and swallowing.
Scientists are working furiously to get
to the bottom of neurological disorders. But they involve the body’s
most complex organ — the brain — which is largely inaccessible to
detailed, real-time scrutiny. This inability to see what’s happening in
the body’s command center hinders the development of effective
treatments for diseases that stem from it.
By using nanoelectronics, it could
become possible for scientists to peer for the first time inside cells,
see what’s going wrong in real time and ideally set them on a functional
path again.
For the past several years, Lieber has
been working to dramatically shrink cyborg science to a level that’s
thousands of times smaller and more flexible than other bioelectronic
research efforts. His team has made ultrathin nanowires that can monitor
and influence what goes on inside cells. Using these wires, they have
built ultraflexible, 3-D mesh scaffolding with hundreds of addressable
electronic units, and they have grown living tissue on it. They have
also developed the tiniest electronic probe ever that can record even
the fastest signaling between cells.
Rapid-fire cell signaling controls all
of the body’s movements, including breathing and swallowing, which are
affected in some neurodegenerative diseases. And it’s at this level
where the promise of Lieber’s most recent work enters the picture.
In one of the lab’s latest directions,
Lieber’s team is figuring out how to inject their tiny, ultraflexible
electronics into the brain and allow them to become fully integrated
with the existing biological web of neurons. They’re currently in the
early stages of the project and are working with rat models.
“It’s hard to say where this work will take us,” he says. “But in the end, I believe our unique approach will take us on a path to do something really revolutionary.”
“It’s hard to say where this work will take us,” he says. “But in the end, I believe our unique approach will take us on a path to do something really revolutionary.”
Lieber acknowledges funding from the U.S. Department of Defense, the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Air Force.
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FDA Approves World’s First Bionic Eye Transplant
Full cyborg transformation has been
given a green light by the FDA, and now researchers have successfully
transplanted the world’s first bionic eye.
Surgeons at the University of Michigan Health System have made the first officially FDA-approved “bionic eye” transplants, allowing patients with a degenerative eye disease to make out light and shapes. The Michigan Daily reports that on January 16th and 22nd, two surgeons successfully implanted the Argus II artificial retina, which is composed of a sheet of electrodes fixed to the eye. The implant is paired with a pair of camera-equipped glasses and a processor that captures video from the glasses. That video is then sent as a series of pulses to the electrodes, stimulating the patient’s remaining nerve fibers. (Source)
While the device does not offer any type
of superhuman enhancement – it in fact only offers rudimentary sight –
researchers are heralding this as a major step in a new direction.
This announcement is certainly among the
benign applications of this technology, but it is nonetheless an
important reminder that we should consider if any limits need to be put
on future applications like some of those discussed below. As professor
and developer of this bionic system, Thiran Jayasundera, states:
This is already the Argus II . . . In time there will be more development of these types of devices. (Source)
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Google to Introduce Smart Contact Lenses
The Google Glass concept is poised to
transform into a much less invasive apparatus: Smart contact lenses. As
Extreme Tech reports, it is beginning with a medical application, but
has obvious crossover potential:
The first smart contact lens, aimed at diabetics, takes a glucose level reading every second from the tears that wash over your eye when you blink, and transmits that data wirelessly to a nearby device. Google doesn’t say what device, but presumably a smartphone or Google Glass. Yes, if Google X has its way, we will soon all look like cyborgs, our bodies becoming interconnected networks of implants and augmentations. (source) [emphasis added]
The mention of cyborgs is not mere
hyperbole. The technology already exists to apply a range of
applications directly into contact lenses. A transparent graphene
display built with the ability to be flexible ushers in the contact lens
computer. It’s being developed by researchers in Korea:
The researchers were able to build miniature inorganic LEDs by connecting the graphene sheets together with silver nanowires into a hybrid structure. The flexible silver nanowires enabled the hybrid strucuture to maintain its high conductivity even when bent. The most important factor for using the hybrid graphene in a contact lens-based computer is its high transparency. (Source)
The silver nanowire sensors promise a multitude of wearable applications:
A clear, bandage-like sensor could eventually make everything from fabrics to our fingers smart. Dr. Yong Zhu and a team of North Carolina State University researchers created an ultra-thin, flexible sensor that could be used in clothing, on the body, any in other ordinary objects to track things like strain, pressure, human touch, and bioelectronic signals. (Source)
Amazingly, the core technology for smart
contact lenses has been around since 2008. As Gizmag reported at the
time, it was a stunning development that very well could have marked
“the beginning of the Computer Human Interface of the future.”
It’s not often in this era of rampant technological innovation that a fundamentally new concept surfaces – with almost no limitations to what can be achieved with the myriad new technologies coming to market over the last few years, fundamentally new ideas of this magnitude are becoming increasingly rare, much less technologies with groundbreaking societal implications. Such a technology emerged this week when it was announced that engineers at the University of Washington have used microscopic scale manufacturing techniques to combine a flexible contact lens with an imprinted electronic circuit and lights.
As they also noted, the amount of
investment into this area indicates how close to full reality the tech
sector believes this to be:
Microvision, 3M, Texas Instruments, Explay, Neochroma, Digislide, Light Blue Optics and from research labs such as the Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems. Though the microprojection area promises the ability to project a large screen on any flat surface, we have yet to see commercially available products and the technology won’t suit everyone, partially because they’re still not quite small enough, and partially because of privacy issues – projecting delicate company information onto an airport terminal wall, for example, might not be a good idea. (Source)
Enter Google, which is already dealing with the privacy and legal issues of Google Glass. As we have seen with their investments in robotics and Smart Home technology, they are adept at making science fiction a palatable next-gen essential item by validating formerly radical concepts.
By combining the personal safety of health monitoring with the coolness of bionic zoom vision, can it really be resisted?
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The Era of Cyborgs Has Begun
Until now, much of the dystopian aspect
of these developments has been relegated to the alternative media; while
the corporate, military, and governmental interests behind much of this
tech continue to promote only the promise of a Utopia that will be free
of disease, impairment, and death. But in order for this to happen, we
must fully merge with computational and machine systems.
Now a leading mainstream scientific
journal has announced that this is already happening, which indicates
that the era of cyborgs has indeed begun.
The German science journal Applied Chemistry
might not sit on the coffee table of the average citizen, but it is one
of the most highly regarded in the world among those in the field, and
is now in its 125th year of existence.
In their latest review, “The Chemistry
of Cyborgs – Interfacing Technical Devices with Organisms” researchers
from Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) first point to some of the
electronic health implants that we already take for granted as being a
merger of man and machine, such as pacemakers and hearing or retina
implants.
However, it is the rise of “smart”
materials that can instantly change based on body conditions and
integrate into tissues that marks a future of computational analysis and
restructuring of the human body.
For successful tissue integration and the prevention of inflammation reactions, special surface coatings were developed also by the KIT under e.g. the multidisciplinary Helmholtz program “BioInterfaces”.
Most people embrace new developments
that can assist with longevity and quality of life, and even the
reversal of genetic conditions. But it is the human brain that poses the
greatest ethical challenge; in this case, the brain-machine-interface
(BMI).
BMI are often considered data suppliers. However, they can also be used to feed signals into the brain, which is a highly controversial issue from the ethical point of view. “Implanted BMI that feed signals into nerves, muscles or directly into the brain are already used on a routine basis, e.g. in cardiac pacemakers or implants for deep brain stimulation,” Professor Christof M. Niemeyer, KIT, explains. “But these signals are neither planned to be used nor suited to control the entire organism – brains of most living organisms are far too complex.” (emphasis added)
As the researchers also note,
neuroprostheses are the foundation of a true cyborg, where robotic
systems combine with a brain-machine-interface to control the external
with thought alone. You can see some examples of this mind-controlled reality here.
While, again, many would embrace the
notion of effectively replacing lost limbs, or allowing the paralyzed to
walk again, the deaf to hear, and the blind to see; this technology is
becoming increasingly elective, as well as forming a merger with
the gadgets of our modern-day existence. And it’s all being done with
very little two-way dialogue – science conducts the experiments, gets
results, after which it is often dispersed for military use, then
trickled down into consumer applications.
Moreover, as highlighted in the quote
above, the two-way information transfer is troubling beyond the stated
helpful applications. This is exactly what led a DARPA project
researcher to blow the whistle on an Arizona State University project
involving Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and the efforts to reproduce it through narrative. This can be done from a distance and is anything but elective.
Ethical concerns are unfortunately the
last to arrive. It is for this reason that with very little fanfare we
are becoming the cyborgs of science fiction. All that’s left is to
decide how far we wish to continue down this path; the fork in the road
is already upon us.
Nicholas West writes for TechSwarm.com and ActivistPost.com
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